|
Comparison of promoters used in DNA expression studies in vitro and in vivo |
|||
| Expressed antigen |
Promoters/enhancers compared |
In vitro/in vivo comparison |
Reference |
|
|
|||
| GFP |
CMV, muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKM) promoter |
Consistently higher levels of GFP expression were driven by the CKM promoter compared to CMV in mice. |
[5] |
| LacZ |
CMV, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter |
Injection of mice with the constructs containing the different promoters showed that GFAP is as efficient at driving lacZ expression as CMV. |
[6] |
| CAT |
HIV-1-LTR (long terminal repeat), RSV-TAR (transactivation response element) |
HIV-1-LTR could be transactivated by tat in both stimulated and unstimulated cells; RSV-TAR was only transactivated in unstimulated cells. |
[7] |
| CAT |
CMV, RSV, SV40, murine leukemia virus (SL3-3) promoter |
The CMV promoter was found to be stronger than any of the other promoters tested in muscle. |
[8] |
| CAT |
CMV, SV2 |
The CMV promoter was found to have greatest transcriptional activity. |
[9] |
| Luciferase |
CMV, RSV, SV40, PGK, hybrid β-actin promoter/CMV enhancer, CMV/IA (intron A) |
The hybrid β-actin/CMV promoter/enhancer showed greater luciferase expression than RSV, SV40, PGK or CMV. CMV/IA also showed 2–6 fold in vitro and 1.5–3 fold in vivo higher luciferase expression than CMV. |
[10] |
| Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) |
CMV, desmin |
The promoters performed equally well in vitro, and CTL and Th1 serum antibody responses against HbsAg in mice were of similar magnitude. |
[11] |
| Hepatitis B envelope proteins |
CMV, desmin |
Greater in vitro expression of antigen was attributed to the desmin promoter. However, comparable humoral and cytotoxic immune responses were stimulated following i.m. injection of mice. |
[12] |
| Rabies virus G protein |
CMV, SV40 |
Comparable G antigen-specific antibody titres were stimulated in mice. Slightly higher T cell responses were observed from the CMV construct. |
[13] |
| Influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) |
CMV, β-actin |
Constructs containing the CMV or β-actin promoters provided comparable protection against influenza in chickens. |
[14] |
| Influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) |
CMV, β-actin, RSV, SV40 |
Similar in vitro expression of HA. The greatest HA-specific antibody and protection against influenza in chickens was provided with the CMV construct. |
[15] |
| Bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein D (gD) |
RSV, CMV/IA |
CMV/IA construct produced higher neutralising antibody titres against gD in i.d. injected cattle. |
[16] |
| HIV-1 gag/env |
CMV, AKV murine leukemia viral long terminal repeat |
CMV showed 10–20 fold greater activity than AKV in vitro. Immunised macaques developed high humoral responses with the CMVconstruct only. |
[17] |
| SV40 large tumour antigen |
CMV, SV40 |
The CMV construct induced higher levels of antibody and protection in the murine experimental metastasis model than the SV40 construct. |
[18] |
| M. tuberculosis apa + pro proteins |
CMV, UbC |
The CMV promoter was the most efficient tested. |
[19] |
| Adenovirus E4 ORF3 |
CMV, RSV, SV40, UbC, EF-1α |
Following i.n. dosing to mice, constructs containing the UbC and EF-1α promoters stimulated the most stable expression of antigen |
[20] |
Garmory et al. Genetic Vaccines and Therapy 2003 1:2 doi:10.1186/1479-0556-1-2 |
|||